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Effect of sub-layer water saturation on two-layer sand fluidization

Doan et al. | Oct 27, 2026

Effect of sub-layer water saturation on two-layer sand fluidization
Image credit: Doan, Damm, and Doan

This study investigates the effect of water saturation in a two-layer fluidization behavior of an overlying dry sand bed. Building on prior work showing that moisture inhibits fluidization in granular media, the authors address an underexplored configuration involving layered dry and wet sand. The experiments demonstrate that even minimal water saturation in the sub-layer prevents uniform fluidization of the dry upper layer, leading to the conclusion that two-layer fluidized beds with moisture are not viable under the conditions tested.

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