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Effect of sub-layer water saturation on two-layer sand fluidization

Doan et al. | Oct 27, 2026

Effect of sub-layer water saturation on two-layer sand fluidization
Image credit: Doan, Damm, and Doan

This study investigates the effect of water saturation in a two-layer fluidization behavior of an overlying dry sand bed. Building on prior work showing that moisture inhibits fluidization in granular media, the authors address an underexplored configuration involving layered dry and wet sand. The experiments demonstrate that even minimal water saturation in the sub-layer prevents uniform fluidization of the dry upper layer, leading to the conclusion that two-layer fluidized beds with moisture are not viable under the conditions tested.

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An evaluation of the trends in U.S. maternal deaths based on abortion policies from 2018 to 2021

Haq et al. | Feb 18, 2026

An evaluation of the trends in U.S. maternal deaths based on abortion policies from 2018 to 2021

Here the authors evaluate the relationship between state-level abortion policies and maternal mortality across the United States from 2018 to 2021. Their findings reveal that states with restrictive abortion laws consistently experienced higher maternal mortality ratios than those with protective policies, culminating in a 72% increase in deaths within restrictive states by the end of the study period.

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Evaluating the performance of Q-learning-based AI in auctions

Liu et al. | Nov 09, 2025

Evaluating the performance of Q-learning-based AI in auctions
Image credit: Liu and Liu

Advertising platforms like Google Ads use AI to drive the algorithms used to maximize advertisers benefits. This study shows that AI does not adjust it strategy based on auction type and highlights the limitations of AI running without explicit guidance.

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